UPSC Books| UPSC Book Shop|Sociology Optional Preparation Guide

 

Many of you asked about my approach to my optional subject sociology. So, I wrote this post. This optional relatively easy. Most of us are generally familiar UPSC Books the topics that are part of the syllabus (except for the thinker), so it is likely that it is familiar to every candidate.

However, due to this fact, some aspirants become complacent and take for granted many topics. So, you should try to read it thoroughly and should never neglect the core concepts (for example, while studying caste -. You should not ignore the very definition of basic and perspective on the caste you have UPSC Book Shop ask yourself - What caste How it has changed historically ?? What lay beneath a theoretical framework? Is it acceptable framework for the various social thinkers? If not, how and why?)

I am writing this post to consider two ways to prepare sociology - one approach is that you use the book Essentials of Sociology us (me edit this post and include mention of our books after a lot of you are asking this question that 'if the book is just a whim enough for optional?') as a basic reference and the other approach is one where you do not use is an important source of Sociology.

1. In the first approach, many of you asked what else should you read apart from our crucial Sociology books. To answer that - we have covered more than enough in our book and we're pretty sure that the book can handle all possible questions in the exam. But at the same time, it is also recommended UPSC Books one should read the maximum and from a variety of sources to have a deeper clarity of the topic. For this reason, if a person has enough time before the plan to write Mains exam, following other sources, in addition to critical sociology, can also be called:

1. New NCERTs class 11/12: They are very clear and very basic materials and suitable for absolute beginners. They also brought examples from everyday life (many of which were very recently too), then, they give a good start. In my opinion, the newly designed NCERTs better than older ones. They have less factual errors and have a better flow. Try to read it again and again during various stages of preparation of your optional. (Old NCERTs more suitable for the older syllabus and therefore may not be useful, but if you have a hell of a lot of time, you may read it as well).

2. by Penguin Dictionary of Sociology good or Sage publications (some pirated soft copies are available online that candidates can search / download at their own risk as I personally do not recommend this route). Read one of the Sociology dictionaries cover to cover that every page. Dictionary help because they provide the fundamental definition of syllabus topics. They also carry a reference to the works of important social thinker that can be used as examples in the exam. Both dictionaries are relatively modest in the language of the Oxford. One can read the dictionary as a whole from first to last page, and note down the terms and topics are both part of the syllabus (directly or indirectly) or have appeared in UPSC Book Shop exam in previous years. Some references to case studies can also be found there in this dictionary.

3. Sociology: Themes and Perspectives (Haralambos an Holborn) (Blue Cover) - This is a book that is very useful and comprehensive for paper 1. But it is about the weight of one with over 1000 pages. However, it is one that is very updated and covers almost all aspects of the syllabus. The following topics: Basics of theoretical perspective, Aging, Methods, Stratification and Inequality, Gender, Poverty and Exclusion, Religion, Family, Power and Politics, Education, etc. are covered very well. If you have the patience also read, it is a very useful book. If you do not read Giddens, you may read this one. Either will do.

4. Newspapers and other sources and selective GS noted down of events related to Sociology. For example, the latest data on Cens

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UPSC Books| UPSC Book Shop|UPSC Civil Services Mains GS Paper-3

GS PAPER – 3

state usually shifted from agriculture to industry and then to the service, but the Indian move directly from agriculture to services. What are the reasons for the huge UPSC Book Shop of service vis-a-vis the domestic industry? India can become a developed country without a strong industrial base?

There are various reasons for the huge growth in India's service -

A. First of all, the growth of the industry requires huge capital investments that did not exist when India became independent

b. Secondly, there are also historical factors. British authorities never allowed the growth of industry in India as it was against the interests of the empire and export policies

c. Third, great emphasis is placed in Indian culture in obtaining softer skills of life such as education that is more conducive to the growth of the service

d. After independence, India has also grown under a very strict regime and there is technology transfer neglected by force and then as United States etc.

e. Finally, India also made significant progress in areas such as IT, BPO etc. start later become a large component of Industry service

However, industrial growth is essential for India to become a developed country -

A. First of all, the growth of this industry is required to absorb surplus labor from the agricultural sector which has become overcrowded

b. This industry growth is also necessary to cut reliance on key strategic areas such as heavy machinery

c. Industrial growth is also necessary to bridge India's trade deficit from widening by the day

d. Finally, the growth is also UPSC Books from a security standpoint and alone provide for the domestic production of defense equipment currently the majority of which is imported by India.

The Indian government is also likely to be identified this problem and has launched the 2011 National Manufacturing Policy that aims to increase the share of manufacturing from the existing 16% to 25%.

While we find the demographic bonus India, we ignore the level of employment dropped. What we lost when doing so? Where the work was India desperately needs to come? Explain.

A decade back NASSCOM-McKinsey survey highlights that only 25% of Indian engineers employed and the situation is even worse now because of the following reasons -

A. First of all, education in India was broken because it has a limited industrial orientation.

b. Secondly, as per the Yashpal Committee on higher education, universities mushroomed considered to have led to the degradation of higher education because many of them are not on par with accepted standards

c. Thirdly, there is a skills development program which is run by the government limited

d. Fourth, the limited scope of industrial internship

To remedy this situation, the following steps can be taken to create jobs -

A. National Skills Development Corporation's mandate needs to be expanded to include more people in skills development program

b. Secondly, The Apprenticeship Act should be amended to enable students from the humanities and even the flow of non-engineered to get an internship in the industry as an engineer currently only allowed to undergo an internship program industry

c. Third, the quality of education needs to be improved and entrepreneurship cell developed at universities

There is also a viewing angle of Agriculture Produce Market Committees (APMCs) was formed under the state act not only inhibits the development of UPSC Books but also has become a cause of food inflation in India. Critical check.

(I have been mostly negative reading of APMCs in various articles, etc., so that their positive achievements do not come to my mind at that time that could be balanced answer)

APMCs has works by most of the monopoly and has hampered agricultural growth in the following ways -

A. First of all, 80% of agricultural products are marketed and distributed through this has led to their virtual monopoly and that inefficiencie

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UPSC Books| UPSC Book Shop|UPSC Civil Services Mains Paper GS-1

 

GS PAPER - 1

To what extent do urban planning and culture of the Indus Valley Civilization provide input to the present day urbanization? Discuss.

Indus valley civilization is the civilization advance urban and town planning and culture have UPSC Book Shop following elements that provide input for the modern urbanization of the day -

A. wide roads for easy replacement as modern cities

b. streets intersecting rectangles to turn better and planning

c. closed drainage, which is also the hallmark of modern sanitation.

d. there are also double storey buildings similar to the modern urban buildings where space is at a premium

e. The bathroom was also built inside the house and connected to the drains unlike previous public bath system. Modern day bathroom home also has an inbuilt.

f. Warehouse - large barn - like a modern urban warehouses for grain storage for contingency

Therefore, many of the features of the Indus Valley was adopted in the modern urban settlements.

Gandhara sculpture owes much to the Romans to the Greeks. Explain.

Kushan kings have UPSC Books descent and have a significant effect on their art as well as to maintain good relations with Kanishka Greeko-Roman rulers. The following features borrowed from two schools -

A. The face of Buddha depicted as a Greek god Apllonius

b. curtains Buddha is similar to the Roman toga

c. Buddha wavy hair like a Roman statue

d. Buddha's body is made with a masculine way similar to the Greek gods

e. Many artists were taken from both Greece and Rome

Therefore, Gandhara sculpture is a mixture of the two traditions.

Taxila university is one of the oldest universities in the world with the associated figures famous study different disciplines. Its strategic location led to fame for growing, but not as Nalanda, was not considered a university in the modern sense. Discuss.

(I do not have a good idea of ​​Taxila and therefore, instead of writing about the features of Taxila inconsistent modern university that I focus on the features that make it the university of Nalanda modern)

Although Taxila is located in a strategic location and for this reason, he also gained fame as well, but Nalanda has features that make the modern university's first truly global of the world follows -

A. First of all, as a modern university that has a large campus and more than 3000 students study there

b. Second, promoted interdisciplinary studies such as the modern university and all three schools of Buddhism, namely - Thervada, Mahavana and Vajrayana taught here. Furthermore, another philosophical tradition also taught here.

c. Third, scholars from far and wide used to come here - from Sri Lanka, Malya, China etc. Hein Tsang and I-Tsing are some examples recorded

d. Fourth, the university also actively promoted the humanities disciplines and Nalanda School of Art is renowned school that was developed here.

Therefore, Nalanda is a true modern university, while Taxila has a more conservative because of that fail to qualify as a university in the modern sense.

Third Battle of Panipat was fought in 1761. Why are so many royal-shaking battle fought at Panipat?

Apart from the third battle of Panipat (1761), the other kingdoms tremble battles such as the First Battle (1526), ​​the Second Battle (1556) and many others are also struggling here for the following reasons -

A. First of all, it has a strategic location and the last frontier before anyone could claim the throne of Delhi and hence of India.

b. Second, all of the main attackers from outside - Afghanistan, Mongols, Turks, etc. used to come from the central Asia and Panipat is the meeting point of the Indian army and foreign invaders.

c. Third, Panipat has a significant psychological advantage for the attackers. After it won, it was a great moral b

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UPSC Books| UPSC Book Shop|UPSC Civil Services Mains GS Paper-1

GS PAPER - 1

              To what extent has the urban planning and culture of the Indus Valley Civilization provided UPSC Books to the present day urbanization? Discuss.

Indus valley civilization was an advance urban civilization and its urban planning and culture has following elements which provided inputs to modern day urbanization –

a.       Wide roads for easy commutation like modern cities

b.      Rectangular intersecting streets for better commutation and planning

c.       Covered drainage, which is also a hallmark of modern sanitation systems.

d.      Double storied buildings were also there which is similar to modern urban buildings where space is at a premium

e.      Bathrooms were also built insides homes and were connected to drains unlike earlier community bathing systems. Modern day houses also have inbuilt bathrooms.

f.        Warehouses – UPSC Books granaries – like modern urban godowns for storage of grains for contingency

Hence, many features of the Indus Valley were adopted by the modern day urban settlements.

Gandhara sculpture owed as much to the Romans as to the Greeks. Explain.

Kushan kings had Greeko-Roman lineage and it had a significant influence on their art also as Kanishka maintained good relations with Greeko-Roman rulers. Following features were borrowed from the two schools –

a.       Buddha’s face was depicted as Greek god Apllonius

b.      Buddha’s drapery was similar to the Roman toga

c.       Hairs of Buddha were wavy like Roman sculptures

d.      Buddha’s body was made in a masculine manner similar to Greek gods

e.      Many artists were brought from both Greece and Rome

Hence, Gandhara sculpture was a mix of the two traditions.

Taxila university was one of the oldest universities of the world with which were associated a number of renowned learned personalities of different disciplines. Its strategic location caused its fame to flourish, but unlike Nalanda, it is not considered as a university in the modern sense. Discuss.

(I didn’t have a great idea of Taxila and hence, instead of writing about those features of Taxila which were not in line of modern universities I focused on those features of Nalanda which made it a modern university)

Though Taxila was on a strategic location and for this reason, it also gained fame as well, but Nalanda had following features which made it the first truly global modern university of the world –

a.       First of all, like modern universities it had a big campus and more than 3000 students studied there

b.      Secondly, it promoted inter-disciplinary study like modern universities and all the three streams of Buddhism viz – Thervada, Mahavana and Vajrayana were taught here. Further, other philosophical traditions were also taught here.

c.       Thirdly, scholars from far and wide used to come here – from Sri Lanka, Malya, China etc. Hein Tsang and I-Tsing are some noted examples

d.      Fourthly, the university also promoted humanities disciplines actively and Nalanda school of Art was the famous school that developed around here.

Hence, Nalanda was a true modern university, while Taxila had a more conservative outlook due to which it fails to qualify as a university in modern sense.

The third battle of UPSC Book Shop fought in 1761. Why were so many empire-shaking battles fought at Panipat?

Apart from the third battle UPSC Book Shop Panipat (1761), other empire shaking battles like First Battle (1526), Second Battle (1556) and many other were also fought here for the following reasons –

a.       First of all, It had a strategic location and was the last frontier before one could claim the throne of Delhi and hence of India.

b.      Secondly, all the major attackers from outside – Afghan, Mongols, Turks etc used to come from the central Asian route and Panipat was the meeting point of Indian forces and foreign invaders.

c.       Thirdly, Panipat had a significant of psychological gains for the attackers. Once, it was won, it was a big moral booster.

d.      Finally, Panipat was also a geographically conducive location. In North, Himalayas guarded India, In West, deserts of Rajasthan discouraged invaders and Arab Sea was also not a route of choice. Due to these reasons, the forces used to converge at this point. (I drew a map also showing this)

Hence, due to strategic, geographic and political reasons, so many empire shaking battles took place here.

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