GS PAPER - 1
To what extent do urban planning and culture of the Indus
Valley Civilization provide input to the present day urbanization? Discuss.
Indus valley civilization is the civilization advance urban
and town planning and culture have UPSC Book Shop following elements that provide input for the modern
urbanization of the day -
A. wide roads for easy replacement as modern cities
b. streets intersecting rectangles to turn better and
planning
c. closed drainage, which is also the hallmark of modern
sanitation.
d. there are also double storey buildings similar to the
modern urban buildings where space is at a premium
e. The bathroom was also built inside the house and connected
to the drains unlike previous public bath system. Modern day bathroom home also
has an inbuilt.
f. Warehouse - large barn - like a modern urban warehouses
for grain storage for contingency
Therefore, many of the features of the Indus Valley was
adopted in the modern urban settlements.
Gandhara sculpture owes much to the Romans to the Greeks.
Explain.
Kushan kings have UPSC Books descent and have a significant
effect on their art as well as to maintain good relations with Kanishka
Greeko-Roman rulers. The following features borrowed from two schools -
A. The face of Buddha depicted as a Greek god Apllonius
b. curtains Buddha is similar to the Roman toga
c. Buddha wavy hair like a Roman statue
d. Buddha's body is made with a masculine way similar to the
Greek gods
e. Many artists were taken from both Greece and Rome
Therefore, Gandhara sculpture is a mixture of the two
traditions.
Taxila university is one of the oldest universities in the
world with the associated figures famous study different disciplines. Its
strategic location led to fame for growing, but not as Nalanda, was not
considered a university in the modern sense. Discuss.
(I do not have a good idea of Taxila and therefore, instead
of writing about the features of Taxila inconsistent modern university that I
focus on the features that make it the university of Nalanda modern)
Although Taxila is located in a strategic location and for
this reason, he also gained fame as well, but Nalanda has features that make
the modern university's first truly global of the world follows -
A. First of all, as a modern university that has a large
campus and more than 3000 students study there
b. Second, promoted interdisciplinary studies such as the
modern university and all three schools of Buddhism, namely - Thervada,
Mahavana and Vajrayana taught here. Furthermore, another philosophical tradition
also taught here.
c. Third, scholars from far and wide used to come here - from
Sri Lanka, Malya, China etc. Hein Tsang and I-Tsing are some examples recorded
d. Fourth, the university also actively promoted the
humanities disciplines and Nalanda School of Art is renowned school that was
developed here.
Therefore, Nalanda is a true modern university, while Taxila
has a more conservative because of that fail to qualify as a university in the
modern sense.
Third Battle of Panipat was fought in 1761. Why are so many
royal-shaking battle fought at Panipat?
Apart from the third battle of Panipat (1761), the other
kingdoms tremble battles such as the First Battle (1526), the Second Battle
(1556) and many others are also struggling here for the following reasons -
A. First of all, it has a strategic location and the last
frontier before anyone could claim the throne of Delhi and hence of India.
b. Second, all of the main attackers from outside -
Afghanistan, Mongols, Turks, etc. used to come from the central Asia and
Panipat is the meeting point of the Indian army and foreign invaders.
c. Third, Panipat has a significant psychological advantage
for the attackers. After it won, it was a great moral b
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